Eritrea is one of the most intriguing and least-visited countries in East Africa. Situated along the Red Sea coast, it combines rugged mountains, desert plains, stunning coastline, and one of the most unique capital cities on the continent—Asmara. With a strong Italian colonial influence, friendly people, and largely untouched landscapes, Eritrea offers a nostalgic, almost frozen-in-time experience for curious and culturally minded travelers.
🏙️ Cities and Regions Worth Exploring
- Asmara – The capital city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, famed for its 1930s Italian modernist architecture, cafés, and laid-back vibe.
- Massawa – A port city on the Red Sea, showcasing Ottoman, Egyptian, and Italian architectural heritage, coral stone buildings, and a gateway to the Dahlak Archipelago.
- Keren – A picturesque highland town known for its vibrant markets, Baobab-shaded streets, and camel caravans.
- Mendefera & Dekemhare – Small towns rich in local life and remnants of colonial architecture.
🏝️ Nature and Adventure
- Dahlak Archipelago – An untouched group of islands perfect for snorkeling, diving, and remote camping experiences.
- Green Belt near Asmara – Terraced mountains and valleys ideal for hiking.
- Northern Highlands – Cool climate and stunning views from high elevations.
- Red Sea Coast – Opportunities for coral reef diving and underwater exploration.
🚶♀️ Exploring Countryside
The Eritrean countryside is peaceful and scenic. From the arid Danakil depression to the cooler highlands, trekking and biking can offer deep insight into local life and rural traditions. Expect herds of goats, farmers using traditional methods, and warm greetings from villagers.
🚢 Exploring by Sea / River
- Red Sea cruises and boat trips to the Dahlak Islands are highlights.
- Scuba diving and snorkeling in the clear, unspoiled waters off Massawa offer access to coral reefs and shipwrecks.
- No navigable rivers, but the coastline more than compensates.
🌮 Food and Drink (+ prices)
Eritrean cuisine shares similarities with Ethiopian food, but with some unique twists:
- Zigni – Spicy meat stew served with injera (flat sourdough bread)
- Tsebhi – Varied vegetable or meat-based stews
- Shiro – Chickpea paste with spices
- Italian influences bring pasta, pizza, and strong espresso
- Street snacks: ~30–50 ERN (~1–2 USD)
- Sit-down meals: ~80–150 ERN (~3–6 USD)
🛏️ Accommodation Costs
- Budget guesthouses: ~300–600 ERN (12–24 USD)
- Mid-range hotels: ~800–1,500 ERN (30–60 USD)
- High-end hotels (mostly in Asmara or Massawa): 2,000+ ERN (~80+ USD)
Note: Credit card use is extremely limited—bring cash.
🎉 Festivals and Culture
- Independence Day (May 24) – Huge nationwide celebration with parades, music, and cultural events.
- Martyrs Day (June 20) – A solemn national day of remembrance.
- Traditional music, dance (like the Tigrigna rhythm), and religious ceremonies—both Christian Orthodox and Muslim—are deeply rooted and captivating to witness.
🚄 Transportation
- Old Steam Train (Asmara to Nefasit) occasionally operates for tourists – a vintage ride through mountains.
- Buses and minibuses connect towns but can be slow and crowded.
- Taxis in Asmara are affordable (~50–100 ERN for short trips).
- Roads are improving, but travel to some regions may require permits.
- No domestic flights at the moment; Asmara airport serves international flights.
💴 Currency
- Eritrean Nakfa (ERN)
- 1 USD ≈ 15 ERN (officially, though black market rates vary)
- Foreign currency exchange is regulated; always declare your money.
- ATMs are unreliable; bring US dollars or euros in cash.
🌱 Sustainability / Ecotourism
Eritrea’s slow tourism growth has preserved its natural beauty. Plastic use is limited, and many coastal and rural areas remain pristine. Tourism development remains modest, but eco-initiatives are emerging, especially around the Dahlak Islands and highland agriculture.
♿ Accessibility
Infrastructure is limited for travelers with disabilities. Asmara is walkable but has uneven pavements. Most rural and natural sites are not wheelchair accessible. Basic support may be arranged with planning, but travel remains a challenge for those with mobility issues.
📶 Internet & Connectivity
- Internet access is extremely limited and slow.
- Wi-Fi may be available in hotels in Asmara but is often restricted.
- Local SIMs are difficult to obtain for tourists.
- Expect a digital detox during your stay—bring offline maps and downloads.
🏥 Health
- Yellow fever vaccination is required if arriving from a risk area.
- Malaria is present in lowland areas—take precautions.
- Hospitals in Asmara are basic; rural care is minimal.
- Bring personal medicines and basic supplies with you.
- Tap water is not safe to drink—stick to bottled water.
🛂 Visas & Entry Requirements
- Most nationalities require a visa in advance—apply at an Eritrean embassy.
- No visa on arrival.
- Separate travel permits are needed to visit areas outside Asmara.
- Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months.
👨👩👧👦 Family / Kids Tips
- Eritrea is peaceful and welcoming, but not geared toward young children in terms of infrastructure.
- Massawa beaches and camel rides may interest older kids.
- Medical care and basic services may pose challenges for families with small children.
🌙 Nightlife
- Asmara has a quiet but cozy nightlife scene with cafés, beer halls, and Italian-style bars.
- Don’t expect clubs or wild parties, but local music, dance, and cultural shows are sometimes available.
- Locally brewed Asmara Beer is popular and mild.
🏳️🌈 LGBT+ Friendly
Same-sex relationships are illegal in Eritrea and carry social stigma.
LGBT+ travelers are strongly advised to avoid public displays of affection and travel with caution. Discretion is necessary throughout the country.
🌇 Best Time to Visit
- October to March – Ideal time for travel: cooler temperatures, dry weather
- April to September – Hotter and more humid, especially in the lowlands
- Asmara stays cool year-round due to its elevation
⚠️ Travel Safety & Tips
- Eritrea is safe for travelers, with low crime rates.
- Photography of military sites or personnel is strictly prohibited.
- Travel outside Asmara requires a permit—plan ahead.
- The border with Ethiopia is open but sensitive—check status before visiting.
- Respect local customs and be mindful of political discussions.
🧳 Why to Visit?
Eritrea offers a truly unique experience: an African country with Italian flair, untouched Red Sea beaches, and a rich mix of cultures. It’s a rare gem for travelers seeking authenticity, architecture, and warm local interactions.
🧭 Final Thoughts
Traveling to Eritrea requires patience and preparation, but those who make the journey are rewarded with quiet beauty, timeless cities, and an unforgettable sense of stepping into another era. For the intrepid and respectful traveler, Eritrea is a gift.
